What Is a Conceptual Framework? | Tips & Examples

Conceptual-Framework-example

A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your research process and maps out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions.

Tip
You should construct your conceptual framework before you begin collecting your data. Conceptual frameworks are often represented in a visual format and illustrate cause-and-effect relationships.

Keep reading for a step-by-step guide to help you construct your own conceptual framework.

Continue reading: What Is a Conceptual Framework? | Tips & Examples

How to cite a survey in APA Style (6th edition)

This article reflects the APA 6th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 7th edition guidelines.

If you’re referring to your own survey research (and its results), you don’t normally need to use a formal APA Style citation. What you do instead depends on which of the following is true:

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How to cite a webpage with no author, date, or title in APA Style (6th edition)

This article reflects the APA 6th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 7th edition guidelines.

Web resources form a separate category in APA Style. They consist of four components: author, publication date, title and URL.

Unfortunately, some of these components are often missing. For instance, there may be no author or publication date. What should you do if this is the case?

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Purpose and structure of an advisory report

Some dissertations include a separate advisory report that is specifically designed for a company or organization that wants to act on the author’s advice.

An advisory report should be centered on opinions that are well substantiated – which means it’s more than just the list of recommendations that you include in the main body of your dissertation. You also need to weigh the recommendations against each other and elaborate the consequences that each will have for your “client.”

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How Do You Incorporate an Interview into a Dissertation? | Tips

You have performed qualitative research for your dissertation by conducting interviews that you now want to include: how do you do that? Chances are that this was never explained to you and you don’t know what is expected. That’s why in this article we describe how interviews can be included in, for instance, the discussion section of your dissertation and how they can be referenced.

Continue reading: How Do You Incorporate an Interview into a Dissertation? | Tips

How do you read a scientific article?

A scientific article in a journal or scientific publication, if you have little research experience, can seem to be a difficult and complicated text. However, most scientific articles have a clear structure to make reading them just that much easier.

By reading a scientific article in a structured manner, you can better determine if it’s relevant and useful for your dissertation. In this (non-scientific) article, we explain how you should read a scientific article.

Continue reading: How do you read a scientific article?